{"id":75486,"date":"2026-01-06T17:39:14","date_gmt":"2026-01-06T17:39:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/permbledhja.com\/?p=75486"},"modified":"2026-01-06T17:39:14","modified_gmt":"2026-01-06T17:39:14","slug":"kriza-e-naftes-e-vitit-1973-e-detyroi-nixonin-te-rishikonte-kohen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/permbledhja.com\/sq\/kriza-e-naftes-e-vitit-1973-e-detyroi-nixonin-te-rishikonte-kohen\/","title":{"rendered":"Kriza e naft\u00ebs e vitit 1973 e detyroi Nixonin t\u00eb rishikonte koh\u00ebn"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nga: Greg McKevitt \/ BBC
\nP\u00ebrkthimi: Telegrafi.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cPranvera para, vjeshta prapa\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e dobishme p\u00ebr amerikan\u00ebt q\u00eb t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb mend ritualin sezonal t\u00eb nd\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb or\u00ebs, por n\u00eb janar 1974, qeveria e ShBA-s\u00eb e prishi k\u00ebt\u00eb loj\u00eb fjal\u00ebsh duke futur or\u00ebn verore gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit – n\u00eb mes t\u00eb dimrit. Ideja ishte q\u00eb akrepat t\u00eb shtyheshin nj\u00eb or\u00eb p\u00ebrpara, dy muaj m\u00eb her\u00ebt se zakonisht, edhe pse kjo do t\u00eb thoshte q\u00eb dita e pun\u00ebs do t\u00eb fillonte nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb ishte ende err\u00ebsir\u00eb. Mnemonika e re do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ishte di\u00e7ka si: \u201cDimri para, vjeshta … \u00eb\u00eb\u00eb … q\u00ebndro aty ku je\u201d, gj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ting\u00ebllon aspak interesante.<\/p>\n

Presidenti Richard Nixon shpalli eksperimentin n\u00eb nj\u00eb fjalim televiziv n\u00eb n\u00ebntor 1973, si pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb reagimi emergjent ndaj kriz\u00ebs s\u00eb furnizimit me naft\u00eb. Masa synonte t\u00eb kursehej karburanti duke reduktuar k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn p\u00ebr energji elektrike gjat\u00eb mbr\u00ebmjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb ndritshme, por n\u00eb m\u00ebngjes la f\u00ebmij\u00ebt duke pritur autobus\u00ebt e shkoll\u00ebs, n\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb, dhe pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt duke p\u00ebrballuar orarin e trafikut para se t\u00eb lindte dielli. Duke raportuar mbi masat e ndryshme t\u00eb Nixonit, korrespondenti amerikan i BBC-s\u00eb, John Humphrys, vuri n\u00eb dukje: \u201cM\u00ebnyra amerikane e jetes\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb gati t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb nga vitet \u201950 t\u00eb shekullit XX, prosperiteti i Per\u00ebndimit varej nga nj\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb e q\u00ebndrueshme e naft\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb. Kjo ndryshoi n\u00eb tetor 1973, kur vendet eksportuese t\u00eb naft\u00ebs e kthyen energjin\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb arm\u00eb gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs Arabo-Izraelite. \u00c7mimet u rrit\u00ebn ndjesh\u00ebm dhe nj\u00eb embargo u vendos p\u00ebr t\u00eb ushtruar presion mbi aleat\u00ebt e Izraelit, m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti mbi ShBA-n\u00eb. Ministri saudit i Naft\u00ebs, Sheikh Ahmed Zaki Yamani, i tha emisionit\u00a0Panorama<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb BBC-s\u00eb: \u201cEpoka e burimeve shum\u00eb t\u00eb lira t\u00eb energjis\u00eb ka p\u00ebrfunduar, dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb epok\u00eb e re\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb raportin e tij p\u00ebr lajmet e BBC-s\u00eb, Humphrys v\u00ebrejti: \u201cAmerikan\u00ebt m\u00eb par\u00eb nuk e kishin marr\u00eb seriozisht kriz\u00ebn e karburantit, por fjalimi i Nixonit nuk u la zgjedhje. Masat q\u00eb ai p\u00ebrshkroi do t\u00eb preknin vendin n\u00eb \u00e7do drejtim. Shofer\u00ebt do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ngisnin m\u00eb ngadal\u00eb. Kufiri i shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb, q\u00eb ndryshonte nga nj\u00eb shtet n\u00eb tjetrin, do t\u00eb ulej n\u00eb 50 milje n\u00eb or\u00eb. Dhe, Nixoni u b\u00ebri thirrje njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin makina t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkuar n\u00eb pun\u00eb\u201d. Furnizimi me karburant p\u00ebr linjat ajrore u reduktua, nd\u00ebrsa 10 p\u00ebrqind e t\u00eb gjitha sh\u00ebrbimeve u anuluan. Me industrin\u00eb q\u00eb i kthehej qymyrit, Humphrys tha se do t\u00eb \u201csakrifikoheshin shum\u00eb masa kund\u00ebr ndotjes, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb amerikan\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb presin aj\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb ndotur\u201d.<\/p>\n

Presidenti madje i nxiti amerikan\u00ebt t\u00eb ulin termostat\u00ebt n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, zyra dhe fabrika me t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn gjasht\u00eb grad\u00eb Farenhajt. Duke parashikuar nj\u00eb reagim t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb, Nixoni p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb zbuste tensionin. \u201cNga ana tjet\u00ebr, mjeku im m\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00eb nj\u00eb temperatur\u00eb prej 66 deri n\u00eb 68 grad\u00eb [18\u00b0C deri n\u00eb 20\u00b0C], je m\u00eb i sh\u00ebndetsh\u00ebm sesa kur \u00ebsht\u00eb 75 deri n\u00eb 78 [23\u00b0C deri n\u00eb 26\u00b0C], n\u00ebse kjo ju jep ndonj\u00eb ngush\u00ebllim\u201d, tha ai.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb muaj m\u00eb von\u00eb, gjat\u00eb n\u00ebnshkrimit n\u00eb ligj t\u00eb or\u00ebs verore nj\u00ebvje\u00e7are, Nixoni tha se masat e tjera k\u00ebrkonin \u201cshqet\u00ebsime dhe sakrifica\u201d. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, ai tha se ndryshimi i koh\u00ebs do t\u00eb \u201csjell\u00eb kursim t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me 150 mij\u00eb fu\u00e7i naft\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb gjat\u00eb muajve t\u00eb dimrit; do t\u00eb ket\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb shqet\u00ebsim minimal dhe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrje t\u00eb barabart\u00eb nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00c7mimet n\u00eb pompat e karburantit n\u00eb ShBA u rrit\u00ebn me 50 p\u00ebrqind gjat\u00eb muajve t\u00eb dimrit. N\u00eb serin\u00eb e tij radiofonike t\u00eb BBC-s\u00eb nga viti 2009,\u00a0Amerika: Perandoria e liris\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0[America: Empire of Liberty<\/em>], profesori David Reynolds tha: \u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb se me rreth 60 cent\u00eb p\u00ebr galon, kostoja nuk ishte e r\u00ebnd\u00eb sipas standardeve t\u00eb sotme. Por, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vend q\u00eb e konsideronte benzin\u00ebn e lir\u00eb si t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb lindur amerikane, kriza e naft\u00ebs ishte nj\u00eb tronditje e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb\u201d. Reynolds vuri n\u00eb dukje se nj\u00eb sondazh n\u00eb dhjetor kishte zbuluar shenja paniku, me njer\u00ebz q\u00eb kishin frik\u00eb se vendi kishte mbetur pa energji. \u201cKjo ishte marr\u00ebzi, natyrisht\u201d, tha ai. Megjithat\u00eb, edhe pse prodhimi i brendsh\u00ebm mbulonte dy t\u00eb tretat e nevojave t\u00eb ShBA-s\u00eb, pjesa tjet\u00ebr vinte kryesisht nga Lindja e Mesme, dhe \u201crritja e \u00e7mimit plus paniku publik krijuan kriz\u00ebn\u201d.<\/p>\n

Edhe para tronditjes s\u00eb kriz\u00ebs s\u00eb naft\u00ebs, ShBA-ja p\u00ebrjetonte mungesa karburanti. Humphrys raportonte n\u00eb maj 1973 se \u201cbenzina, n\u00eb vendin m\u00eb t\u00eb uritur p\u00ebr karburant n\u00eb bot\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb munges\u00eb\u201d. P\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb kolorit, raporti p\u00ebrfshinte pjes\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb reklame t\u00eb ish-gjigantit t\u00eb naft\u00ebs\u00a0Amoco<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb paraqitur nga Johnny Cash, i cili tha: \u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb besosh se ky vend i madh ka kriz\u00eb energjie, por ka\u201d. Ylli i muzik\u00ebs kantri i nxiti shofer\u00ebt t\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kursyer karburant. \u201cDo t\u00eb arrini n\u00eb destinacion, dhe do t\u00eb ket\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb benzin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb\u201d, premtoi ai. N\u00eb nj\u00eb reklam\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr\u00a0Amoco<\/em>, ai foli p\u00ebr \u201cnj\u00eb frym\u00eb t\u00eb re pioniere n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn e sotme – frym\u00ebn e kursimit\u201d.<\/p>\n

Mesazhi i Cashit p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur temperatur\u00ebn me gjasht\u00eb grad\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsuar n\u00eb rrug\u00eb u p\u00ebrs\u00ebrit nga Nixoni. Ajo q\u00eb nuk ishte pjes\u00eb e \u201cpredikimit\u201d t\u00eb tij, ishte ora verore gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit – nj\u00eb mas\u00eb q\u00eb me siguri nuk do t\u00eb ishte e p\u00eblqyer nga audienca e tij tradicionale. Edhe pse zonat kohore jan\u00eb shpikje njer\u00ebzore, lop\u00ebt nuk e din\u00eb se sa \u00ebsht\u00eb ora, ndaj ajo or\u00eb shtes\u00eb e err\u00ebsir\u00ebs dim\u00ebrore n\u00eb m\u00ebngjes ishte sfid\u00eb shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr fermer\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Edhe pse Nixoni ishte thell\u00eb n\u00eb skandalin e Uotergejtit n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, ai mund t\u00eb kishte m\u00ebsuar nga p\u00ebrvoja e Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Bashkuar disa vite m\u00eb par\u00eb, kur ora shkoi p\u00ebrpara si zakonisht n\u00eb pranver\u00ebn e vitit 1968 dhe nuk u kthye pas deri n\u00eb vjesht\u00ebn e vitit 1971. Imazhi q\u00eb la n\u00eb mendje ishte ai i f\u00ebmij\u00ebve me shirita fosforeshent\u00eb q\u00eb shkonin n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr err\u00ebsir\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa disa biznese q\u00eb kishin tregti me Evrop\u00ebn kontinentale, e mir\u00ebprit\u00ebn t\u00eb qenit n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn zon\u00eb kohore, por masa nuk u prit mir\u00eb nga ata q\u00eb punonin n\u00eb ambiente t\u00eb hapura. Ajo ishte m\u00eb pak popullore n\u00eb veri t\u00eb larg\u00ebt t\u00eb Skocis\u00eb, ku disa njer\u00ebz duhej t\u00eb prisnin deri n\u00eb or\u00ebn 9:45 p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb rrezet e para t\u00eb diellit dim\u00ebror.<\/p>\n

Ora verore fillimisht u fut gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore nga Gjermania dhe Austria, dhe m\u00eb pas vende t\u00eb tjera e ndoq\u00ebn shembullin. Q\u00ebllimi ishte t\u00eb maksimizohej p\u00ebrdorimi i drit\u00ebs s\u00eb dit\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb kursyer rezervat e qymyrit. U fut n\u00eb ShBA n\u00eb vitin 1918, por ishte aq e pap\u00eblqyer pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb luft\u00ebs saq\u00eb ligji zgjati vet\u00ebm shtat\u00eb muaj para se t\u00eb shfuqizohej.<\/p>\n

Versioni amerikan i vitit 1974 p\u00ebr or\u00ebn verore gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit, nuk zgjati m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa eksperimenti i par\u00eb gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs. Kur u fut m\u00eb 6 janar,\u00a0New York Times<\/em>\u00a0e quajti shpejt \u201cepoka e dyt\u00eb e err\u00ebt\u201d. Kund\u00ebrshtimi u p\u00ebrqendrua te m\u00ebngjeset e err\u00ebta dim\u00ebrore dhe dyshimet p\u00ebr kursimet reale t\u00eb energjis\u00eb. Gazeta\u00a0Hartford Courant<\/em>\u00a0raportoi se nj\u00eb dit\u00eb pas hyrjes n\u00eb fuqi, kat\u00ebr adoleshent\u00eb n\u00eb Konektikat u godit\u00ebn nga makina n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebr n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb. Nj\u00eb sondazh n\u00eb dhjetor 1973 tregonte se 79 p\u00ebrqind ishin n\u00eb favor t\u00eb mas\u00ebs. N\u00eb shkurt 1974, kjo p\u00ebrqindje kishte r\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb 42 p\u00ebrqind. N\u00eb fund, masa zgjati vet\u00ebm disa jav\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se presidenca e Nixonit, me pasardh\u00ebsin e tij Gerald Ford q\u00eb n\u00ebnshkroi nj\u00eb ligj p\u00ebr ta shfuqizuar at\u00eb n\u00eb tetor.<\/p>\n

Sa p\u00ebr kriz\u00ebn e naft\u00ebs, ajo kaloi, por efektet e saj u ndjen\u00eb p\u00ebr vite me radh\u00eb. Sipas David Reynoldsit, n\u00eb 2009, nj\u00eb nga trash\u00ebgimit\u00eb e saj ishte ajo q\u00eb ekonomist\u00ebt e quajt\u00ebn stagflacion – nj\u00eb kombinim i rritjes s\u00eb dob\u00ebt ekonomike dhe inflacionit t\u00eb lart\u00eb q\u00eb zgjati n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb dekad\u00ebs. \u201cShBA-ja ia doli m\u00eb mir\u00eb se shumica e vendeve t\u00eb zhvilluara, por inflacioni prej tet\u00eb p\u00ebrqind dhe papun\u00ebsia me shtat\u00eb p\u00ebrqind ishin padyshim tronditje p\u00ebr sistemin – pas nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb lul\u00ebzimit pas luft\u00ebs\u201d, tha ai. Kjo gjithashtu e shtyu Evrop\u00ebn dhe ShBA-n\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin furnizues t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb naft\u00ebs, si dhe t\u00eb fillonin t\u00eb mendonin p\u00ebr energji alternative dhe efikasitet t\u00eb karburantit. Ishte fundi p\u00ebr makinat e m\u00ebdha q\u00eb konsumonin shum\u00eb karburant.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga: Greg McKevitt \/ BBC P\u00ebrkthimi: Telegrafi.com \u201cPranvera para, vjeshta prapa\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e dobishme p\u00ebr amerikan\u00ebt q\u00eb t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb mend ritualin sezonal t\u00eb nd\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb or\u00ebs, por n\u00eb janar 1974, qeveria e ShBA-s\u00eb e prishi k\u00ebt\u00eb loj\u00eb fjal\u00ebsh duke futur or\u00ebn verore gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit – n\u00eb mes t\u00eb dimrit. Ideja ishte q\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":75487,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3676],"tags":[3718],"yoast_head":"\nKriza e naft\u00ebs e vitit 1973 e detyroi Nixonin t\u00eb rishikonte koh\u00ebn<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/permbledhja.com\/sq\/kriza-e-naftes-e-vitit-1973-e-detyroi-nixonin-te-rishikonte-kohen\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kriza e naft\u00ebs e vitit 1973 e detyroi Nixonin t\u00eb rishikonte koh\u00ebn\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nga: Greg McKevitt \/ BBC P\u00ebrkthimi: Telegrafi.com \u201cPranvera para, vjeshta prapa\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e dobishme p\u00ebr amerikan\u00ebt q\u00eb t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb mend ritualin sezonal t\u00eb nd\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb or\u00ebs, por n\u00eb janar 1974, qeveria e ShBA-s\u00eb e prishi k\u00ebt\u00eb loj\u00eb fjal\u00ebsh duke futur or\u00ebn verore gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit – n\u00eb mes t\u00eb dimrit. 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