{"id":34530,"date":"2023-11-03T14:24:18","date_gmt":"2023-11-03T14:24:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/permbledhja.com\/?p=34530"},"modified":"2023-11-03T14:24:51","modified_gmt":"2023-11-03T14:24:51","slug":"puna-e-femijeve-neper-fushat-e-kosoves","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/permbledhja.com\/sq\/puna-e-femijeve-neper-fushat-e-kosoves\/","title":{"rendered":"Puna e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00ebp\u00ebr fushat e Kosov\u00ebs"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rreth 40 p\u00ebr qind e familjeve n\u00eb zonat rurale t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs angazhojn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt adoleshent\u00eb t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 13 deri n\u00eb 17 vje\u00e7 n\u00eb pun\u00eb bujq\u00ebsore, kurse 10 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb familjeve angazhojn\u00eb edhe ata me mosh\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl prej 5 deri 12 vje\u00e7 n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi. F\u00ebmij\u00ebt detyrohen q\u00eb t\u00eb punojn\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb re, shumic\u00ebn e rasteve p\u00ebr t\u2019iu p\u00ebrgjigjur varf\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn jetojn\u00eb, duke rrezikuar zhvillimin e tyre psiko-social.<\/h3>\n

Gati 23 p\u00ebr qind e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb varf\u00ebri derisa 7 p\u00ebr qind prej tyre jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb varf\u00ebri t\u00eb skajshme, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se u mungojn\u00eb kushtet elementare p\u00ebr jet\u00eb. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e tyre detyrohen t\u00eb punojn\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb re, p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar sado pak dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb jetuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat zyrtare statistikore p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb kategori jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakta n\u00eb mesin e institucioneve publike, por puna e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e p\u00ebrhapur, sidomos n\u00eb zonat rurale ku bujq\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb \u2018fryti\u2019 i vet\u00ebm i t\u00eb ardhurave familjare.<\/p>\n

Agjencia e Statistikave t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs nuk ka ndonj\u00eb seksion t\u00eb specifikuar p\u00ebr llogaritjen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb sektorin e bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa, nga Ministria e Bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb kan\u00eb konfirmuar p\u00ebr Buletinin Ekonomik se as ata si ministri nuk posedojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr numrin e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb angazhuar n\u00eb pun\u00ebt n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi, por duke qen\u00eb se Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb e dominuar nga ferma t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb pamodernizuara, mungesa e kushteve n\u00eb ekonomit\u00eb familjare thon\u00eb se u pamund\u00ebson atyre t\u00eb angazhojn\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb sezonal me pages\u00eb, dhe prandaj ata detyrohen t\u00eb angazhojn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre me pun\u00eb n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptohet k\u00ebshtu se nj\u00eb num\u00ebr mjaft i lart\u00eb i f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb vend shfryt\u00ebzohen p\u00ebr pun\u00eb bujq\u00ebsore n\u00ebp\u00ebr fshatra.<\/p>\n

Sipas nj\u00eb raporti t\u00eb Organizat\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Pun\u00ebs (ILO) p\u00ebr vitin 2022, rreth 19 mij\u00eb e 650 f\u00ebmij\u00eb (apo 5.3% e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs) jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve. Kjo shif\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb pak m\u00eb e lart\u00eb p\u00ebr komunitetin rom, ashkali dhe egjiptian t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, q\u00eb shkon deri n\u00eb 7 p\u00ebrqind (apo 534 f\u00ebmij\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Por, shumica e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb\u2013 si p\u00ebr djemt\u00eb ashtu edhe p\u00ebr vajzat \u2013vazhdon t\u00eb shfaqet n\u00eb sektorin e bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb, ndon\u00ebse joformalisht.<\/p>\n

Sipas hulumtimit t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb ILO-s p\u00ebr vitin 2023, puna e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranishme n\u00eb sektorin e bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb me rreth 40 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb familjeve n\u00eb zonat rurale q\u00eb angazhojn\u00eb adoleshent\u00ebt e mosh\u00ebs 13 deri n\u00eb 17 vje\u00e7 n\u00eb pun\u00eb bujq\u00ebsore. Nd\u00ebrsa, puna e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e mosh\u00ebs 5 deri n\u00eb 12 vje\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranishme n\u00eb 10 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb familjeve kosovare n\u00ebp\u00ebr fshatra.<\/p>\n

Nga ky raport del edhe e dh\u00ebna se djemt\u00eb adoleshent\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb kan\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb punojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se sa vajzat n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sektor dhe se f\u00ebmij\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb apo pun\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikshme.<\/p>\n

MES MUNGES\u00cbS S\u00cb PUN\u00cbTOR\u00cbVE DHE IMPONIMIT<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Arta*, nj\u00eb vajz\u00eb e re nga rajoni i Prizrenit, ndon\u00ebse tashm\u00eb ka mbushur 16 vje\u00e7, \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb me bujq\u00ebsi q\u00eb nga mosha 12 vje\u00e7are. Angazhimi i saj, thot\u00eb se ka filluar brenda oborrit t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb saj, koh\u00eb kjo kur ajo kishte filluar t\u2019u ndihmoj\u00eb prind\u00ebrve n\u00eb mbjelljen dhe kultivimin e kulturave bujq\u00ebsore, kryesisht perimeve n\u00eb bashqen e tyre.<\/p>\n

Kjo pun\u00eb sipas saj, nuk ka qen\u00eb fillimisht imponim, pasi me d\u00ebshir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb angazhuar, mir\u00ebpo m\u00eb pas p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb keq\u00ebsimit t\u00eb kushteve materiale t\u00eb familjes, ajo thot\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb detyruar vet\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb angazhim deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb \u2018t\u2019ia ngjes\u00eb\u2019 dor\u00ebn familjes s\u00eb saj dhe t\u00eb ket\u00eb para p\u00ebr shkollim.<\/p>\n

\u201cTu e pa q\u00eb me tjet\u00ebr pun\u00eb q\u00eb na sjell\u00eb fitim s\u2019kishim me \u00e7ka m\u2019u marr, ja nis\u00ebm bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb, mbjellshum edhe mbjellim pasul me hektar\u00eb, mis\u00ebr, kto perimet n\u00eb bashqe tanat i mbjellim me shumic\u00eb, plus bag\u00ebtit\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb kan ni plus tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr neve, tani krejt k\u00ebto produkte m\u00eb pas i shitshum dhe fitonim t\u00eb hyra p\u00ebr shkollimin e neve f\u00ebmij\u00ebve<\/em>\u201d, rr\u00ebfehet Arta.<\/p>\n

Babai i Art\u00ebs dhe i 5 f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb n\u00eb shkollim q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, tregon se kushtet e r\u00ebnda dhe mungesa e nj\u00eb vendi t\u00eb pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb, e kan\u00eb detyruar q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tij n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019ua mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb shkollimin dhe q\u00eb ata t\u00eb mos mbeten pa shkoll\u00eb dhe pa pun\u00eb si\u00e7 ka mbetur ai.<\/p>\n

\u201cE kemi pas ni periudh\u00eb n\u00eb familje, kur dy vajzat e m\u00ebdha pat\u00ebn shku n\u00eb fakultet, para kat\u00ebr-pes\u00eb vjetve, edhe s\u2019kishim kah ja mbajm\u00eb! U dasht me vendos \u2013 o shkoll\u00eb dhe pun\u00eb bashk\u00eb, o veq pun\u00eb te shpia p\u00ebr krejt familjen, se ndryshe s\u2019kisha qysh me i qu n\u00eb fakultet pa t\u00eb ardhura\u201d<\/em>, thot\u00eb ai.<\/p>\n

Arta tregon se edhe pse kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb angazhuar si f\u00ebmij\u00eb n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi, m\u00ebsimin dhe shkoll\u00ebn nuk i kan\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb anash asnj\u00ebher\u00eb, pasi prind\u00ebrit jan\u00eb munduar n\u00eb maksimum q\u00eb kur kan\u00eb pasur p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb, t\u2019i kryejn\u00eb vet shumic\u00ebn e pun\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa, sa i p\u00ebrket koh\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe aktiviteve t\u00eb lira me shok\u00ebt dhe shoqet, ajo thot\u00eb se ky fakt e ka b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb ndihet gjithmon\u00eb pak keq, pasi si\u00e7 tregon ajo\u00a0\u201ckam nejt me ves se duhet me shku me ju ndihmu najsen prindve se jan\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr ara ose me shku me jav ba buk\u00ebn atyne q\u00eb jan\u00eb kan\u00eb duke punuar\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebris\u00eb sikur Arta n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi, e ka kaluar edhe Miloti*. Mir\u00ebpo, p\u00ebr dallim nga Arta, Miloti ka punuar gjithmon\u00eb veq pse i ka p\u00eblqyer puna e fshatit.<\/p>\n

Miloti \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb djal 17 vje\u00e7 nga nj\u00eb fshat i komun\u00ebs s\u00eb Podujev\u00ebs, i cili q\u00eb nga mosha 10 vje\u00e7are ka filluar t\u00eb interesohet p\u00ebr pun\u00ebt e bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb, me t\u00eb cilat fillimisht \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb familja e tij.<\/p>\n

\u201cPuna ime n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb kultura e mjedrr\u00ebs, q\u00eb si e till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft fitimprur\u00ebse, megjith\u00ebse gjith\u00e7ka varet edhe nga kushtet klimatike. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pun\u00eb e zorshme, normal ka angazhime gjat\u00eb stin\u00ebs s\u00eb pranver\u00ebs dhe ver\u00ebs, si p.sh. hjekja e barojave t\u00eb k\u00ebqija gjat\u00eb pranver\u00ebs dhe pleh\u00ebrimi i tyre, nd\u00ebrsa gjat\u00eb ver\u00ebs fillon vjelja e tyre, e cila zgjat diku af\u00ebr 3 muaj. K\u00ebt\u00eb pun\u00eb e b\u00ebj me k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi, nuk e kam imponim nga askush por e b\u00ebj\u00eb me q\u00ebllim p\u00ebrfitimi nga kjo kultur\u00eb, pasi mendojm\u00eb ta zgjerojm\u00eb si biznes n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 mjedrrave, merremi si familje edhe me bletari. Nuk mendoj q\u00eb jan\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda fizike p\u00ebr ne si f\u00ebmij\u00eb, p\u00ebrkundrazi jan\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb lehta p\u00ebr t\u2019u b\u00ebr\u00eb dhe gjithmon\u00eb jam n\u00ebn mbikqyrje t\u00eb prindit p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb rrezik\u201d<\/em>, tregon n\u00eb detaje pun\u00ebn e tij \u2013 Miloti.<\/p>\n

Por, ai thekson se puna q\u00eb e b\u00ebn\u00eb nuk e ka ndaluar asnj\u00ebher\u00eb q\u00eb ta ndjek\u00eb m\u00ebsimin dhe as ta l\u00ebr\u00eb anash koh\u00ebn e lir\u00eb dhe aktivitetet zbavit\u00ebse me shok\u00ebt, ndoshta p\u00ebr shkak se volumi i k\u00ebtyre dy pun\u00ebve q\u00eb b\u00ebn ai, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i theksuar gjat\u00eb muajve t\u00eb ver\u00ebs kur jan\u00eb n\u00eb pushim dhe jo gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs kur zhvillohet viti shkollor.<\/p>\n

SHKAQET E PUN\u00cbS S\u00cb F\u00cbMIJ\u00cbVE<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ka shum\u00eb arsye q\u00eb i shtyjn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt drejt pun\u00ebs, sidomos n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi, mir\u00ebpo faktori kryesor mbetet varf\u00ebria e madhe n\u00eb mesin e familjeve kosovare.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb raportin e fundit t\u00eb Organizat\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Pun\u00ebs, q\u00eb fokusohet kryesisht n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi, thuhet se shkaqet kryesore t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve lidhen me dinamik\u00ebn e familjes dhe gatishm\u00ebrin\u00eb e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontribuar n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurat e familjes.<\/p>\n

Sipas k\u00ebtij raporti, familjet eknomikisht t\u00eb privuara kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb angazhojn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre n\u00eb pun\u00eb potencialisht t\u00eb rrezikshme bujq\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n

Sa i p\u00ebrket rajoneve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, nga anketimet e ILO-s n\u00eb terren, del se familjet nga Ferizaji i angazhojn\u00eb adoleshent\u00ebt m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti n\u00eb pun\u00eb bujq\u00ebsore (88%), pasuar nga Peja (47%) dhe Prizreni (42%). Kurse p\u00ebr angazhimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00ebn 12 vje\u00e7, prin Gjilani (15%), pastaj Ferizaji (13%) dhe Prishtina (11%).<\/p>\n

Prandaj, sipas ILO-s, profili m\u00eb i mundsh\u00ebm i f\u00ebmij\u00ebs pun\u00ebtor n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb djal\u00eb i mosh\u00ebs 12 deri n\u00eb 14 vje\u00e7 nga ekonomit\u00eb familjare m\u00eb t\u00eb varfra n\u00eb zonat rurale t\u00eb Ferizajt apo Gjilanit.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, sipas nj\u00eb raporti m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb ILO-s (2010), p\u00ebrve\u00e7 varf\u00ebris\u00eb, ka edhe shum\u00eb faktor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb q\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb:<\/p>\n

Q\u00ebndrimi p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebs ndaj pun\u00ebs s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u2013 Prind\u00ebrit (m\u00ebsuesit dhe shoq\u00ebria n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi) mund ta shohin pun\u00ebn e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve si pjes\u00eb e edukimit t\u00eb tyre, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht kur arsimimi ekzistues nuk ofron p\u00ebrfitime ekonomike p\u00ebr t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Mungesa e qasjes n\u00eb arsim \u2013<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0kostot e drejtp\u00ebrdrejta dhe indirekte t\u00eb edukimit (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb k\u00ebtu uniformat shkollore, librat dhe pajisjet shkollore, si dhe udh\u00ebtimin p\u00ebr n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb) jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr prind\u00ebrit q\u00eb t\u00eb mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb ndjekjen e shkoll\u00ebs nga f\u00ebmij\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Diskriminimi \u2013<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0minoritetet apo komunitete t\u00eb caktuara kan\u00eb m\u00eb pak qasje n\u00eb arsim apo n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, prandaj edhe kjo shton mund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebta f\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb detyra t\u00eb caktuara q\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb re.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrhapja e sektorit joformal dhe mungesa e zbatimit t\u00eb ligjit \u2013<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Edhe mungesa e kontratave t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe e s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs s\u00eb krijimit t\u00eb asociacioneve\/negociatave kolektive n\u00eb sektorin joformal, e b\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb mbrojtjen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve nga kushtet abuzive t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, si dhe vet\u00eb identifikimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve q\u00eb punojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

PUNA E F\u00cbMIJ\u00cbVE DHE SHKOLLIMI<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Faktori m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm q\u00eb ndihmon n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e efekteve afatgjata t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb padyshim shkalla n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn puna nd\u00ebrhyn n\u00eb edukimin e tyre.<\/p>\n

F\u00ebmij\u00ebt e p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve zakonisht ose jan\u00eb t\u00eb privuar plot\u00ebsisht nga shkollimi ose shpenzojn\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak koh\u00eb n\u00eb aktivitete edukative. Kjo, sipas Organizat\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Pun\u00ebs, do t\u2019iu jepte disavantazh atyre p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket aft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar arsimimin dhe aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e k\u00ebrkuara p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pun\u00ebsim m\u00eb fitimprur\u00ebs kur t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb mosh\u00ebn madhore.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, rreth 96 p\u00ebrqind e e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 5 deri 14 vje\u00e7 dhe 92 p\u00ebrqind e atyre t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15 deri n\u00eb 17 vje\u00e7 vijojn\u00eb shkollimin, nd\u00ebrsa vet\u00ebm 1 p\u00ebrqind nga grupi i par\u00eb dhe 2 p\u00ebrqind nga grupi i dyt\u00eb, jan\u00eb t\u00eb angazhuar ekskluzivisht vet\u00ebm n\u00eb aktivitete ekonomike n\u00ebp\u00ebr zonat rurale.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb interesante e ekonomive familjare q\u00eb del si e dh\u00ebn\u00eb nga nj\u00eb raport i vitit 2022 nga ILO, e q\u00eb lidhet me gjasat q\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe formimi arsimor i kryefamiljarit.<\/p>\n

Sipas k\u00ebtij raporti, n\u00ebse f\u00ebmija vjen nga nj\u00eb ekonomi familjare me nj\u00eb kryefamiljar me arsim t\u00eb lart\u00eb, ka m\u00eb pak gjasa q\u00eb ai t\u00eb ekspozohet ndaj pun\u00ebs s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve. Supozimi themelor \u00ebsht\u00eb se t\u00eb rriturit n\u00eb at\u00eb ekonomi familjare jan\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb pajisur p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar maksimalisht potencialin e tyre t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave, sepse ata jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitimet e arsimit. Anasjelltas, f\u00ebmij\u00ebt n\u00eb ekonomit\u00eb familjare ku kryefamiljari nuk ka pasur arsim kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Raporti i ILO-s (2022)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Pra, sa m\u00eb pak e pasur financiarisht dhe edukativisht t\u00eb jet\u00eb ekonomia familjare, aq m\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikuar jan\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt nga puna e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Llojet m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme t\u00eb pun\u00ebs q\u00eb kryejn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt n\u00eb sektorin bujq\u00ebsor n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, sipas anketimeve t\u00eb b\u00ebra s\u00eb fundmi nga ILO, p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb kryesisht kultivimin e kulturave bimore me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje prej 94%, pastaj angazhimi n\u00eb rritjen dhe kujdesin p\u00ebr bag\u00ebtit\u00eb \u2013 47%, dhe angazhimi i f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb trajtimin dhe aplikimin e pesticideve t\u00eb ndryshme, q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn 16% t\u00eb angazhimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb pun\u00ebt bujq\u00ebsore. Nd\u00ebrsa, pun\u00eb tjera n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sektor p\u00ebrmenden: kujdesi i p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr pulat (31%), ujitja (15%), mbjellja dhe bluarja (15%), puna n\u00eb vreshta (8%), prerja e drunj\u00ebve dhe transporti (15%) dhe puna me koshere blet\u00ebsh (8%).<\/p>\n

KORNIZA LIGJORE MBI PUN\u00cbN E F\u00cbMIJ\u00cbVE N\u00cb KOSOV\u00cb<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Kosova ka ligje specifike n\u00eb fuqi q\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb t\u00eb drejtat e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe adresojn\u00eb pun\u00ebn e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb sektor\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, mir\u00ebpo mbetet n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje zbatimi i plot\u00eb i tyre.<\/p>\n

Ligji Themelor i Pun\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb (Nr. 03\/L \u2013212) ndalon pun\u00ebn e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb \u00e7do sektor n\u00ebn mosh\u00ebn 15 vje\u00e7are, me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb ata t\u00eb ken\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndjekin arsimin e detyruar. Megjithat\u00eb, ata nga mosha 15 deri 18 vje\u00e7 mund t\u00eb pun\u00ebsohen p\u00ebr pun\u00eb t\u00eb lehta q\u00eb nuk paraqesin rrezik p\u00ebr rritjen dhe zhvillimin e tyre. Sipas k\u00ebtij ligji, mosha 18 vje\u00e7are \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrcaktuar si baz\u00eb p\u00ebr futjen n\u00eb pun\u00ebsim t\u00eb rreziksh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Tutje, Kodi Penal i Kosov\u00ebs (Ligji Nr. 03\/L-002), sipas nenit 243 parasheh gjob\u00eb dhe burgim nga nj\u00eb deri n\u00eb 5 vjet p\u00ebr \u00e7do prind apo kujdestar t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebs, q\u00eb e detyron f\u00ebmij\u00ebn t\u00eb punoj\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb tepruar ose t\u00eb kryej\u00eb pun\u00eb q\u00eb rrezikojn\u00eb zhvillimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkaq, Ligji p\u00ebr Mbrojtjen e F\u00ebmij\u00ebve (LMF) synon t\u2019i mbroj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt nga t\u00eb gjitha format e abuzimit, shfryt\u00ebzimit apo formave t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb rrezikojn\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin dhe zhvillimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Specifikisht, n\u00eb pik\u00ebn 1.13. t\u00eb nenit 3 t\u00eb k\u00ebtij ligji, thuhet\u00a0se \u201cPuna e ndaluar p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb puna apo aktiviteti i cili d\u00ebmton sigurin\u00eb, sh\u00ebndetin, moralin dhe zhvillimin psikofizik t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebs, si rezultat i munges\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs dhe njohurive p\u00ebr kryerjen e pun\u00ebve dhe detyrave t\u00eb pun\u00ebs\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu, ky ligj i jep mandat Inspektoratit t\u00eb Pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr monitorimin e pun\u00ebsimit t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb \u00e7do sektor, p\u00ebr t\u00eb garantuar mir\u00ebsjelljen, sigurin\u00eb dhe kushtet e pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Mir\u00ebpo, sipas Raportit Vjetor t\u00eb Inspektoratit t\u00eb Pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr vitin 2022, sektori i bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb sektori m\u00eb i painspektuar. Nga numri total i inspektimeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve n\u00ebp\u00ebr sektor\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm n\u00eb vend, bujq\u00ebsia merr pjes\u00eb me vet\u00ebm 0.13% t\u00eb inspektimeve nga ky institucion m\u00eb 2022.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Madje, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb raport shihet qart\u00eb se edhe intensiteti i inspektimeve n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn sezonale kur pun\u00ebt bujq\u00ebsore jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb theksuara, bie p\u00ebr dyfish m\u00eb pak.<\/p>\n

Buletini Ekonomik ka provuar t\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje direkte edhe nga Inspektorati i Pun\u00ebs rreth numrit t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve \u201cf\u00ebmij\u00eb\u201d q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb sektorin e bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb e q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb formalizuar, dhe n\u00ebse t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit inspektohen nga ky Inspektorat, mir\u00ebpo deri n\u00eb momentin e publikimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij shkrimi, ata nuk kan\u00eb kthyer p\u00ebrgjigje.<\/p>\n

Kurse, Udh\u00ebzimi Administrativ p\u00ebr Parandalimin dhe Ndalimin e Menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm t\u00eb Formave t\u00eb Rrezikshme t\u00eb Pun\u00ebs s\u00eb F\u00ebmij\u00ebve (17\/2008) p\u00ebrfshin sektor\u00ebt e rreziksh\u00ebm dhe aktivitetet e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb rrezikshme q\u00eb t\u00eb ndalohen si \u00e7\u00ebshtje me prioritet n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Disa prej aktiviteteve bujq\u00ebsore q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndaluara rrept\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb sipas k\u00ebtij Udh\u00ebzimi, p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb: ujitjen dhe p\u00ebrdorimin e pesticideve, operimin me makina bujq\u00ebsore, p\u00ebrfshirja n\u00eb aktivitete t\u00eb korrjes dhe shirjes, pun\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda fizike nga hapja e gropave p\u00ebr pyll\u00ebzim dhe prerja e drunj\u00ebve. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebtyre, edhe aktivitetet n\u00eb thertore, puna n\u00eb objektet e p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb mishit, gjuetia, vjelja e pem\u00ebve, puna n\u00eb serra dhe bletaria jan\u00eb gjithashtu pun\u00eb t\u00eb ndaluara p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt deri n\u00eb 18 vje\u00e7.<\/p>\n

NDIKIMI I PUN\u00cbS N\u00cb BUJQ\u00cbSI N\u00cb ZHVILLIMIN PSIKO-SOCIAL T\u00cb F\u00cbMIJ\u00cbVE<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Puna e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve paraqet rrezik dhe si e till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e d\u00ebmshme p\u00ebr zhvillimin mental, fizik, social dhe moral t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

Duke e ditur se secili f\u00ebmij\u00eb i ka specifikat e veta t\u00eb psikozhvillimit, t\u00eb aspektit t\u00eb zhvillimit mendor dhe fizik n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me mosh\u00ebn dhe me veprimtarin\u00eb q\u00eb duhet t\u2019i b\u00ebjn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, p\u00ebrfshirja n\u00eb edukim, p\u00ebrfshirja n\u00eb aktivitete edukative\/rekreative joformale n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, koha e lir\u00eb dhe relacioni familjar-prind\u00ebror, jan\u00eb m\u00eb se t\u00eb domosdoshme.<\/p>\n

Blerim Shabani, sociolog, vler\u00ebson se f\u00ebmij\u00ebt t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb forma t\u00eb r\u00ebnda t\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdo sektori, p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb edhe forma t\u00eb abuzimit fizik dhe psikologjik.<\/p>\n

\u201cRreziku nga p\u00ebrjetimet e abuzimit emocional dhe fizik jan\u00eb t\u00eb pashmangshme n\u00eb k\u00ebto raste, sikurse shk\u00ebputja nga aspekti i edukimit dhe i shkollimit n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me nevojat e f\u00ebmij\u00ebs, sepse nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb i cili obligohet dhe shtyhet ose detyrohet t\u00eb ekspozohet ndaj pun\u00ebve t\u00eb randa, ka p\u00ebr ta l\u00ebn\u00eb anash pjes\u00ebn e aspektit t\u00eb edukimit dhe t\u00eb shkollimit, d.m.th., puna afekton p\u00ebr t\u00eb keq aspektin e arritjeve n\u00eb m\u00ebsimnx\u00ebnie dhe n\u00eb shkollim e edukim t\u00eb f\u00ebmiut\u201d<\/em>, thot\u00eb ai.<\/p>\n

Sipas tij, pun\u00ebt e r\u00ebnda t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm edhe n\u00eb zhvillimin fizik t\u00eb tyre, si rrjedhoj\u00eb e bartjes s\u00eb peshave t\u00eb r\u00ebnda.<\/p>\n

Ai p\u00ebrmend edhe disa prej rreziqeve q\u00eb mund t\u2019iu kanosen f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb pun\u00eb, si: mund\u00ebsia e l\u00ebndimeve serioze q\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebrcillen edhe me pasoja afatgjate, mund\u00ebsia e vdekjes nga makinerit\u00eb, djegiet, gjymtym t\u00eb pjes\u00ebve t\u00eb trupit etj.<\/p>\n

Por, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebtyre, sipas Shabanit, puna n\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebri ka gjasa q\u00eb t\u2019ua ul\u00eb edhe nivelin e vet\u00ebvler\u00ebsimit dhe vet\u00ebbesimit f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, sepse n\u00ebse ai detyrohet gjithnj\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb punoj\u00eb, atij i b\u00ebhet psikologjike dhe ai nuk beson q\u00eb mundet me qen\u00eb i mir\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebsime, shembull\u00a0\u201cshkon n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb-f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me mosh\u00ebn japin rezultate, ai nuk jep rezultate, q\u00eb rezulton m\u00eb pas me r\u00ebnie t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb vet\u00ebbesimit, dhe e b\u00ebn at\u00eb p\u00ebr mos me besu n\u00eb vlerat e veta q\u00eb un\u00eb mundem, un\u00eb di, un\u00eb mund ta b\u00ebj\u00eb etj\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u201cGjithashtu, edhe koha e munguar e lir\u00eb ndikon shum\u00eb n\u00eb gjendjen dhe zhvillimit e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve. F\u00ebmiu duhet q\u00eb t\u00eb ndihet pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb dinamike t\u00eb grupit. Dhe t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto, mund t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb ngecjen e tij n\u00eb arritjet n\u00eb shkollim, n\u00eb vet\u00ebbesim, rezultate t\u00eb dob\u00ebta n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb, raporte apo relacione t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuara f\u00ebmij\u00eb-prind, e deri tek nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb me potencial q\u00eb nes\u00ebr nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb njeri i cili mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rezultatet n\u00eb jet\u00eb\u201d<\/em>, shton tutje Shabani.<\/p>\n

Sipas sociologut Shabani, puna e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb fatkeq\u00ebsisht ende varet edhe nga niveli i edukimit kolektiv, pasi n\u00eb koh\u00ebrat m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme, puna ka qen\u00eb frym\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithshme e edukimit t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, sepse prind\u00ebrit dhe gjysh\u00ebrit kan\u00eb menduar q\u00eb f\u00ebmija duke punuar edukohet, forcohet dhe p\u00ebrgatitet p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn e m\u00ebtutjeshme, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebdije e gabuar.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, nga KOMF thon\u00eb se n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u2013 f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e shfryt\u00ebzuar p\u00ebr k\u00ebto pun\u00eb mund t\u00eb identifikohen, por sistemi qeveritar ende nuk i ka prioritizuar p\u00ebr t\u2019u ofruar atyre mbrojtjen dhe sh\u00ebrbimet e nevojshme.<\/p>\n

Sipas tyre, institucionet publike nd\u00ebrmarrin veprime\/aksione sporadike, t\u00eb her\u00ebpashershme, mir\u00ebpo nuk ka vullnet t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm apo t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsuar n\u00eb lidhje me mbrojtjen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda. Kjo sipas KOMF-it, vihet re q\u00eb nga mungesa e planifikimit buxhetor dhe nga mungesa e sh\u00ebrbimeve apo alternativave t\u00eb cilat do t\u2019i mbronin dhe t\u00ebrhiqnin f\u00ebmij\u00ebt nga pun\u00ebt e r\u00ebnda.<\/p>\n

Nga KOMF kan\u00eb pohuar p\u00ebr Buletinin Ekonomik se f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb, u ekspozohen nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb rreziqesh p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin dhe jet\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Sipas tyre, ata jan\u00eb vazhdimisht t\u00eb ekspozuar ndaj formave t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb shkeljes s\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebs, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb: neglizhimin, abuzimin fizik dhe emocional, munges\u00ebn e qasjes n\u00eb arsim, rrezikun p\u00ebr abuzim apo trafikim e deri tek kanosja e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebs.\u00a0\/Buletini Ekonomik\/<\/strong><\/p>\n

-Arta* dhe Miloti* jan\u00eb jan\u00eb emra fiktiv\u00eb, duke ua respektuar mosh\u00ebn e mitur. T\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit jan\u00eb intervistuar me p\u00eblqimin e prind\u00ebrve.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Deklarat\u00eb mohuese:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ky artikull \u00ebsht\u00eb prodhuar me mb\u00ebshtetjen financiare t\u00eb Bashkimit Evropian n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb projektit \u201cDiskriminim e mosp\u00ebrfshirje: Shkeljet ndaj pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve n\u00eb sektor\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb\u201d. P\u00ebrmbajtja e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi e vetme e Buletinit Ekonomik dhe nuk pasqyron domosdoshm\u00ebrisht pik\u00ebpamjet e Bashkimit Evropian, ATRC-s\u00eb ose BIRN KOSOV\u00cb.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rreth 40 p\u00ebr qind e familjeve n\u00eb zonat rurale t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs angazhojn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt adoleshent\u00eb t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 13 deri n\u00eb 17 vje\u00e7 n\u00eb pun\u00eb bujq\u00ebsore, kurse 10 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb familjeve angazhojn\u00eb edhe ata me mosh\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl prej 5 deri 12 vje\u00e7 n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi. F\u00ebmij\u00ebt detyrohen q\u00eb t\u00eb punojn\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb re, shumic\u00ebn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34531,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[199,15],"tags":[2612],"yoast_head":"\nPuna e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00ebp\u00ebr fushat e Kosov\u00ebs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/permbledhja.com\/sq\/puna-e-femijeve-neper-fushat-e-kosoves\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Puna e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00ebp\u00ebr fushat e Kosov\u00ebs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rreth 40 p\u00ebr qind e familjeve n\u00eb zonat rurale t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs angazhojn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt adoleshent\u00eb t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 13 deri n\u00eb 17 vje\u00e7 n\u00eb pun\u00eb bujq\u00ebsore, kurse 10 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb familjeve angazhojn\u00eb edhe ata me mosh\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl prej 5 deri 12 vje\u00e7 n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi. 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